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Confession in the Lutheran Church
In the Lutheran Church, Confession (also called Holy Absolution) is the method given by Christ to the Church by which individual men and women may receive the forgiveness of sins; according to the Large Catechism, the "third sacrament" of Holy Absolution is properly viewed as an extension of Holy Baptism.〔http://bookofconcord.org/lc-6-baptism.php#para74〕
==Beliefs==
The Lutheran Church practices "Confession and Absolution" (to as the Office of the Keys ) with the emphasis on the absolution, which is God's word of forgiveness. Indeed, Lutherans highly regard Holy Absolution. They, like Roman Catholics, see and as biblical evidence for confession.〔''(An explanation of The Small Catechism )''〕 Confession and absolution is done in private to the pastor, called the "confessor" with the person confessing known as the "penitent". In confession, the penitent makes an act of contrition, as the pastor, acting ''in persona Christi'', announces the formula of absolution. Prior to the confession, the penitent is to review the Ten Commandments to examine his or her conscience.〔http://se.lcms.org/prayer/pdf/examen.pdf Retrieved 2010-02-02.〕 In the Lutheran Church, like the Roman Catholic Church, the pastor is bound by the Seal of the Confessional. Luther's Small Catechism says "the pastor is pledged not to tell anyone else of sins to him in private confession, for those sins have been removed." If the Seal is broken, it will result in excommunication.〔 In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, private confession fell into disuse; at the present time, it is, for example, expected before partaking of the Eucharist for the first time.〔''Apology of the Augsburg Confession'', article 24, paragraph 1. Retrieved 2010-02-02.〕 It is also encouraged to be done frequently in a year〔((The Defense of the Augsburg Confession; Article XI: Of Confession ). Retrieved 2010-02-02.)〕 (specifically before Easter). In many churches, times are set for the pastor to hear confessions.〔(An example of a church that has a set time for confessions ). Retrieved 2010-02-02.〕
In line with Luther's initial statement in his Large Catechism, some Lutherans speak of only two sacraments,〔Luther's Large Catechism IV, 1: "We have now finished the three chief parts of the common Christian doctrine. Besides these we have yet to speak of our two Sacraments instituted by Christ, of which also every Christian ought to have at least an ordinary, brief instruction, because without them there can be no Christian; although, alas! hitherto no instruction concerning them has been given" (emphasis added; cf. Theodore G. Tappert, trans. and ed., ''The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church'', (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959), 733).〕 Baptism and the Eucharist, although later in the same work he calls Confession and Absolution〔(John 20:23 ), and Engelder, T.E.W.(Popular Symbolics ). St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 112-3, Part XXVI "The Ministry", paragraph 156.〕 "the third sacrament."〔Luther's Large Catechism IV, 74-75: "And here you see that Baptism, both in its power and signification, comprehends also the third Sacrament, which has been called repentance, as it is really nothing else than Baptism" (emphasis added; cf. Theodore G. Tappert, trans. and ed., ''The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church'', (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959), 751).〕 The definition of sacrament in the Apology of the Augsburg Confession lists Absolution as one of them.〔The Apology of the Augsburg Confession XIII, 3, 4: "If we define the sacraments as rites, which have the command of God and to which the promise of grace has been added, it is easy to determine what the sacraments are, properly speaking. For humanly instituted rites are not sacraments, properly speaking, because human beings do not have the authority to promise grace. Therefore signs instituted without the command of God are not sure signs of grace, even though they perhaps serve to teach or admonish the common folk. Therefore, the sacraments are actually baptism, the Lord’s Supper, and absolution (the sacrament of repentance)" (cf. Tappert, 211).〕 Luther went to confession all his life. Although Lutherans do not consider the other four rites as sacraments, they are still retained and used in the Lutheran church. Philipp Melanchthon speaking about the Confession in the Lutheran Church, claims that "we do not wish to sanction the torture (tyranny of consciences ) of the Summists, which notwithstanding would have been less intolerable if they had added one word concerning faith, which comforts and encourages consciences. Now, concerning this faith, which obtains the remission of sins, there is not a syllable in so great a mass of regulations, glosses, summaries, books of confession. Christ is nowhere read there".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Defense of the Augsburg Confession )〕 This polemical view ignores the Catholic emphasis on faith and Christ in Catholic instruction and practice, including regarding confession.
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